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A single-step method for aniline formation was examined. Using a vanadate catalyst with an iron oxide co-catalyst and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as the amine source, an up to 90% yield of aniline was obtained with high selectivity. Further study showed that the overall reaction was pseudo-second order in terms of hydroxylamine concentration. Regioselective H-D exchange experiments suggest that the C-N bond formation step occurs via an irreversible electrophilic pathway. Based on all of the key observations, a mechanism is proposed. 

There have been many efforts to broaden participation and diversity in the geosciences with varying degrees of success. The goal of the National Science Foundation-funded GeoScholar Program in the School of the Earth, Ocean & Environment (SEOE) at the University of South Carolina was to increase geoscience exposure and the number of geoscience undergraduate majors (environmental, geological, and marine sciences) from low-income, minority, and first-generation college backgrounds. 

Abstract. There is a continuously increasing need for reliable feature detection and tracking tools based on objective analysis principles for use with meteorological data. Many tools have been developed over the previous 2 decades that attempt to address this need but most have limitations on the type of data they can be used with, feature computational and/or memory expenses that make them unwieldy with larger datasets, or require some form of data reduction prior to use that limits the tool's utility. The Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds (tobac) Python package is a modular, open-source tool that improves on the overall generality and utility of past tools. A number of scientific improvements (three spatial dimensions, splits and mergers of features, an internal spectral filtering tool) and procedural enhancements (increased computational efficiency, internal regridding of data, and treatments for periodic boundary conditions) have been included in tobac as a part of the tobac v1.5 update. These improvements have made tobac one of the most robust, powerful, and flexible identification and tracking tools in our field to date and expand its potential use in other fields. Future plans for tobac v2 are also discussed. 

Bipyridyl ligands are commonplace in catalysis. Structurally similar to this ligand class with unique properties is the novel di-(2-pyridyl)methanesulfonate (dpms) ligand, which is prepared and reacted with [Cp*IrCl2]2 to afford Cp*Ir(dpms)Cl (1) in high yield. Its single-crystal X-ray structure indicates an exo–(kappa2) conformation of the ligand, with the sulfonate group directed away from the iridium center. Halogen exchange by treatment of 1 with NaI gives the iodide derivative, Cp*Ir(dpms)I (2). Abstraction of the halogen from 1 using AgPF6 generates [Cp*Ir(dpms)]PF6 (3), which was not found to activate the C-H bonds of benzene.